Assessment of the austemperability of high-silicon cast steels through Jominy hardenability tests

The austemperability of seven high silicon cast steels with different alloy contents was characteri sed. The maximum round bar diameter that can be fully austempered changed from about 10?mm for an unalloyed steel to more than 70?mm for a low-alloy steel. The austemperability was calculated by applying a procedure based on a standard Jominy test and the characterisation of the microstructure along the Jominy sample. The method, which was validated experimentally, creates a relatively simple procedure to measure austemperability. Processing factors such as the ability of the salt bath to extract heat and the austempering temperature are accounted for the method. The metallographic study revealed the influence of microsegregation on hardenability, which is particularly important for cast steels.     

Analysis and comparison of different methods used to extract isoclinic and isochromatic parameters. Application to the determination of the residual stresses inside crystal silicon wafers

The present work focuses on an experimental analysis of different photoelastic extraction methods. An adapted test rig designed in order to evaluate several extraction methods, which come from the literature and 2 new proposed methods. Their comparisons point out dissimilar behaviours between them in an experimental environment. However, some specific cases require the use of most appropriate techniques to minimise the defects influence. Therefore, a specific application of the photoelasticity is presented to illustrate the meaning of the technique used. It mainly focuses on the determination of the residual stresses and their orientation inside photovoltaic crystal silicon wafers.     

Critical loading conditions of amorphization,phase transformation,and dilation cracking in 6H‐silicon carbide

Amorphization, phase transformation, and dilation cracking are 3 major deformation/failure mechanisms of monocrystalline 6H‐SiC. This paper studies their critical formation conditions and mechanisms under hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial compression and tension with the aid of large‐scale molecular dynamics simulations. It was found that under hydrostatic pressure the major deformation mechanism is amorphization, that under uniaxial compression the major mechanism turns to phase transformation at low temperature and amorphization at high temperature, and that under uniaxial tension the dominating mechanism becomes dilation cracking. Increasing the temperature reduces the thresholds significantly and brings about a heterogeneous deformation mode. The study further concluded that these deformation mechanisms and their thresholds can be predicted theoretically.     

橡塑密封技术发展现状与趋势

阐述了近年来我国橡塑密封行业的发展情况及在各行业的应用,综述了橡塑密封结构设计、橡塑密封材料、检验检测和制造工艺的发展现状,分析了国内橡塑密封行业和技术与国外发达国家先进密封技术发展存在的差距和不足,提出了橡塑密封技术的发展方向,并就未来我国橡塑密封行业的发展提出了建议。     

影响硅橡胶涂层疏水性的因素

目的寻找影响硅橡胶涂层疏水性的因素,并找到相应的提升改进方法。方法以液体硅橡胶为基体,通过燃烧橡胶条熏附、添加纳米SiO2粉末混合和喷洒纳米SiO2粉末附着这三种不同方式,来制备超疏水表面涂层。通过改变纳米粉末的加入方式、加入质量,研究疏水性的最佳条件。并通过光学显微镜测量静态接触角评价表面疏水性能,寻找影响其疏水性的因素。结果最佳的方法为熏烧的烟尘附于液体硅橡胶涂层表面,大多数试验样本出现超疏水特性,静态接触角最高可达159°,平均值150°,静态接触角提高40°以上;次之为均匀喷洒纳米SiO2粉末,部分试验样本出现超疏水特性,静态接触角最高为145°,平均值135.5°,静态接触角提高30°~40°;简单搅拌混合的提升效果最差,没有试验样本出现超疏水特性,静态接触角最高可达124°,平均值108.5°,静态接触角只提高5°~15°。结论构建超疏水涂层的关键在于能否成功构建出微纳米的二级微观结构,简单的物理混合、搅拌会使纳米粉末被覆盖掉,无法表现出其特性。涂层的疏水能力与接触周围的实际微观长度有关。     

磁流变动压复合抛光基本原理及力学特性

目的探究磁流变动压复合抛光基本原理及抛光力学特性。方法通过建立磁流变动压复合抛光过程中流体动压数学模型,分析抛光盘面结构化单元对抛光力学特性的影响规律,并优化其结构。搭建磁流变动压复合抛光测力系统,探究工作间隙、抛光盘转速、工件盘转速和凸轮转速对抛光力的影响规律,基于正交试验,优化抛光效果。结果抛光盘面结构化单元的楔形区利于流体动压效应的产生,且流体动压随楔形角和工作间隙的增大而减少,随楔形区宽度的增大而增大。结构化单元较为合理的几何参数为:楔形角3°~5°,工作间隙0.2~1.0 mm,楔形区宽度15~30 mm。法向力Fn随工作间隙的增大而减小,随工件盘转速的增大而增大,随抛光盘和凸轮转速的增大而先增大后减小;剪切力Ft随工作间隙的增大而减小,随工件盘、抛光盘和凸轮转速的增大均呈现先增大后减小的规律。通过正交试验获得优化工艺参数为:抛光盘转速60 r/min,工件盘转速600 r/min,凸轮转速150 r/min。在羰基铁粉(粒径3μm、质量分数35%)、SiC磨料(粒径3μm、质量分数5%)、工作间隙0.4 mm和磁感应强度0.1 T工况下,抛光2 in单晶硅基片4 h后,表面粗糙度Ra由20.11 nm降至2.36 nm,材料去除率为5.1 mg/h,初始大尺度纹理被显著去除。结论磁流变动压复合抛光通过在抛光盘面增设结构化单元,以引入流体动压效应,强化了抛光力学特性,并利用径向往复运动的动态磁场实现柔性抛光头的更新和整形,最终达到了提高抛光效率和质量的目的。     

Identification of a new oxidation/ dissolution mechanism for boria-accelerated SiC oxidation

Boria effects on accelerated SiC oxidation kinetics were investigated by conducting thermogravimetric analysis on SiC substrates coated with sol-gel derived borosilicate glass isothermally exposed to dry O₂ and argon at 800°C and 1200°C for 100 hours. Boria concentrations in the glass coatings were 0, 14-38, and 92-94 mol%, balance silica. Accelerated weight gain was observed for SiC exposures in dry O₂ at 800°C when boria concentrations were ≥ 92 mol%, corroborated by oxide thickness ranging from 3.5 to 10 µm. The oxide thickness predicted for pure SiC exposed to these conditions in the absence of boria is 0.15 µm. Microstructural analysis of SiC surfaces after oxide removal revealed that boria etched the underlying SiC substrate. Oxidation exposures at 1200°C in dry O₂ suppressed boria effects on accelerating SiC oxidation kinetics due to rapid boria volatilization coupled with the formation of a protective thermally grown silica scale. Accelerated weight gain or oxide growth did not occur with argon exposures at either temperature. A new mechanism for boria-accelerated SiC surface-reaction kinetics is presented based on evidence for boria etching of SiC.     

Improved thermal conductivity of β-Si3N4 ceramics by lowering SiO2/Y2O3 ratio using YH2 as sintering additive

A two-step sintering process was conducted to produce β-Si₃N₄ ceramics with high thermal conductivity. During the first step, native SiO₂ was eliminated, and Y₂O₃ was in situ generated by a metal hydride reduction process, resulting in a high Y₂O₃/SiO₂ ratio. The substitution YH₂ for Y₂O₃ endow Si₃N₄ ceramics with an increase of 29% in thermal conductivity from 95.3 to 123 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ after sintered at 1900°C for 12 hours despite an inferior sinterability. This was primarily attributed to the purified enlarged grains, devitrified grain boundary phase, and reduced lattice oxygen content in the YH₂-MgO-doped material.     

SiOC modified carbon-bonded carbon fiber composite with SiC nanowires enhanced interfibrous junctions

Carbon-bonded carbon fiber (CBCF) composites are promising lightweight and high efficient thermal insulators to be applied in aerospace area, but their practical applications are usually restricted by the low mechanical performance and poor oxidation resistance. To overcome these drawbacks, many efforts have been made in the fabrication of ceramic coated CBCF composites. However, the densities of these modified composites are usually very high, which would result in the reduction in their thermal insulation performance. Herein, we prepared a CBCF composite with SiC nanowires enhanced interfibrous junctions and SiOC ceramic coated carbon fibers (SiCNWs-SiOC-CBCF). Similar to CBCF, the SiCNWs-SiOC-CBCF exhibits a low density of 0.35 g/cm³ and an anisotropic and highly porous architecture. The SiCNWs-SiOC-CBCF possesses a compressive strength of 3.8 MPa and a compression modulus of 195.7 MPa in the X (or Y) direction, ~26.7% and 150% higher than those of CBCF respectively. It can also suffer from an isothermal treatment in air at 900°C for 120 minutes. The combination of these properties makes the SiCNWs-SiOC-CBCF a good candidate for thermal insulator to be applied in extreme conditions.     

Properties of tire tread compounds based on functionalized styrene butadiene rubber and functionalized natural rubber

Tire tread compounds based on various rubber types, that is, solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR), functionalized (propylamine and dimethoxysilane) solution styrene-butadiene rubber (F-SSBR), natural rubber (NR), chloroacetate-modified natural rubber (CNR), and their blends, were prepared and used as raw rubbers. Properties of tire tread compounds and tire performance were then investigated. Due to the presence of chloroacetate group on its mainchains, CNR demonstrates increases in glass transition temperature and rubber-filler interaction compared to NR leading to a significant improvement in tire performance, particularly wet grip (WG; ~88%), fuel-saving efficiency (FSE; ~15%), and abrasion resistance (~11%). Similarly, F-SSBR shows a greater tire performance than SSBR (~20, ~13, and ~7% improvements in WG, FSE, and abrasion resistance, respectively). Among the rubber blends, F-SSBR/CNR gives the highest tire performance, followed by F-SSBR/NR, SSBR/CNR, and SSBR/NR, respectively. The results suggest the significant enhancement in properties of tire tread compounds by the presence of active functional groups in NR and SSBR molecules. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 137, 48696.